Symposium Schedule

Presenter(s)

Hafsa Ahmed

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of in-person and virtual therapy modalities in improving mental health outcomes among older South Asian Muslim Americans. Amidst the growing demand for accessible mental health services, understanding the relative benefits of different therapy mediums is imperative for addressing the unique needs of diverse populations. Drawing upon a theoretical framework informed by health behavior models and cultural competence in healthcare, the research aims to elucidate factors influencing therapy engagement and help-seeking behaviors within this demographic group.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either in-person or virtual therapy sessions, with pre-test and post-test assessments conducted to measure changes in depression, anxiety, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction. Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating quantitative analyses and qualitative insights, the study seeks to identify patterns and nuances in therapy experiences and outcomes among older South Asian Muslim Americans.

Findings from this research hold implications for the development of culturally sensitive mental health interventions and the promotion of equitable access to effective therapy modalities. By shedding light on the effectiveness of in-person and virtual therapy in this population, the study contributes to advancing knowledge and practice in mental health care delivery for older South Asian Muslim Americans.

Presenter(s)

Tomeki Davis

Abstract

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) has emerged as a promising approach for treating anxiety disorders, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Anxiety disorders affect around 18% of adults globally, causing significant distress, impairing daily life functioning, and impairing the quality of life for millions while also exposing a crucial need for effective treatments. Despite the prevalence of anxiety, effective treatment involving technological advancements in virtual reality (VR) remains underutilized. VRET leverages the use of immersive virtual reality technology to provide individualized, gradual, and controlled exposure to anxiety-inducing stimuli, offering a treatment option that is often more acceptable to patients and easier for therapists to implement. Through a randomized controlled trial, this research project aims to explore the clinical adoption and effectiveness of VRET in improving treatment outcomes for anxiety disorders, phobias, and PTSD. Research will assess the reduction of avoidant behaviors, improvement in symptoms, and improvement in coping mechanisms among participants. Participants will be exposed to computer-generated phobic stimuli presented through a VR headset. Effectiveness of VRET used in combination with relaxation techniques will be compared to its effectiveness when used without relaxation techniques and treatment response across sexes will also be examined. The significance of this research lies in its potential to validate VRET as a viable and potentially more accessible treatment option for individuals suffering from anxiety disorders, phobias, and PTSD, thereby expanding the tools available for mental health professionals in offering relief to their patients.

Presenter(s)

Kazia Cortel-Fraser, Kiera Olin-Smith, Alexander Haller, Kent Ulrich

Abstract

Fear of public speaking (FOPS) can be seen in all walks of life; however, it is most commonly seen in college aged individuals. Due to the many negative consequences of fear of public speaking in work and academic environments, individuals with this fear can suffer greatly. Research has shown that individuals who experience anxiety and fear have physiological and psychological experiences that are difficult to deal with. One such way to help treat these physiological and psychological experiences is virtual reality exposure therapy; however, there is a gap in the literature on the use of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for FOPS in a college setting. Therefore, the present study will explore the application of VRET as a sole treatment intervention for FOPS by examining the physiological changes, self-report changes, and observer-report measure in participants. The study will be conducted at Brenau University and the researchers will recruit participants from the university’s public speaking classes. Those who agree to participate will be assigned to partake in VRET. All participants will complete a series of baseline measurements: brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE), have their galvanic skin response and heart rate monitored. The participants will complete four sessions of speech practices, where they will receive VR exposure. Once the intervention is complete, participants will be evaluated by researchers in their classroom using a speech evaluation scale; in addition, their galvanic skin response and heart rate will be measured while they are giving their speeches. Before giving their final presentation, participants will complete the BFNE once more. The predicted results are that those who receive VRET will have, on average, lower heart rate and galvanic skin response than their baseline. In addition, it is expected that there will be a greater decrease in the post-test of fear of public speaking compared to the pre-test. Finally, it is expected that those who receive VRET will demonstrate fewer physical and verbal signs of speech anxiety while they are giving their speeches compared to their baseline.

Presenter(s)

Prof. Pennie Pinkerton

Abstract

In the United Nations resolution dated November 1981, the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief states “Considering that religion or belief, for anyone who professes either, is one of the fundamental elements in his conception of life and that freedom of religion or belief should be fully respected and guaranteed.” It goes on to say “it is essential to promote understanding, tolerance and respect in matters relating to freedom of religion.”

One of the purposes of developing this course was to give the women college students an opportunity to experience an understanding of the beliefs and practices of several major world religions in a hospitable learning environment.

The course began with a guest lecturer, Dr. Linda Kern, speaking on intellectual hospitality affording the students an opportunity for a concrete experience of feelings while understanding the process for engaging in a healthy disagreement. Utilizing guest speakers specializing in specific world religions, students had opportunities for reflective observation of similarities and differences between religions. Various techniques were utilized to allow students to reflect on the material presented by these speakers, the course lectures and supplementary readings, and videos. Group work was used in promoting active learning along with individual reflective journals for abstract conceptualization or thinking. As the semester concluded, students created their own powerpoint presentations on two or more faiths, beliefs and practices completing the experiential learning cycle by doing.

Presenter(s)

Olga Bukowska, Selena Berrones

Abstract

This presentation provides an insightful overview of six major world religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism/Taoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, focusing on Hinduism and Christianity. Covering aspects such as population, origins, historical development, and subdivisions, delving into the complexities of each belief system. The research is divided into three parts inviting the audience to explore the richness and nuances of these religions. The first part outlines key statistics, historical timelines, and foundational narratives for each religion. The subdivisions within each religion are examined and the exploration of them within each faith adds depth to the narrative, acknowledging the diversity within these global belief systems. The inclusion of numerical data, historical context, and theological nuances provides a well-rounded understanding of these religions. Parts two and three focus on the history and beliefs/practices of Hinduism and Christianity, elucidating their origins and evolution and explaining the core beliefs and practices of these religions, exploring elements such as birth, stages of life, passages, death, and the afterlife. Similarities and differences in rituals, life events, and symbolic practices are outlined, offering a comparative perspective on these two influential religions.

Presenter(s)

Harrison Darby

Abstract

Most writers are familiar with drafts. Many of us go through a first, second, and sometimes third draft. Yet, very few of our drafts survive to be consulted again much less to rival the final product. Thomas Jefferson’s rough draft of the Declaration of Independence is such an exception. Historians have taken it as seriously as the final product since its inception. They have done so not just because Jefferson was a gifted writer who produced a document as timeless as the Declaration of Independence after only one draft; they have given it the same attention as the final product also because the deleted passages were as significant as the adopted ones.

My paper therefore answers the question, “how did Thomas Jefferson’s rough draft of the Declaration of Independence compare to the final draft of this fundamental document?” It argues that Jefferson’s rough draft was drastically different from the final version in incredible ways. Although it investigates the similarities and differences between the two Declarations of Independence, my paper emphasizes how much of a visionary leader Jefferson was in the rough draft for White-Native American relations and White-Black relations. For example, Jefferson denounced the British king George III for plundering American seas and for enslaving African people who never offended him. These passages were deleted in the final version, but they articulated a language of oppression that Native Americans and African-Americans later embraced to denounce their oppression and advocate for their inclusion in the new American republic.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Gnimbin Ouattara

Abstract

Historians have struggled to decolonize the study of Cherokee and West African “civilizing” processes. They have not fared well in adequately representing non-European voices either. This paper is a case study that demonstrates how these two goals can be achieved. It explains how to plan and execute research that will allow scholars to hear and identify within Christian missionary sources the voices or agency of the so-called people “outside of the documentary record,” especially Africans and Native Americans. Concerning the decolonization of missionary sources, which is more complex, this case study uses mixed methods of written and oral history to compare and contrast how Cherokees and West Africans assertively interacted with Christian missionaries during their respective “civilizing” processes in the nineteenth century.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Logan Kageorge

Abstract

Students’ beliefs about how their peers recognize them as a strong science student are correlated with their persistence in science courses and careers. However, patterns of peer recognition can change over time. This study isolates the effect of time by analyzing student nominations of strong peers across a two-semester introductory physics course sequence, containing the same set of students and the same instructor in both semesters, at a mostly-women institution. We use a combination of social network analysis and qualitative methods to show that while many students receive similar levels of peer recognition over time, the most highly-nominated students exhibit some change between semesters even in this highly controlled setting. Here we delve deeper into the causes of these changes and challenge the generalizability of previous results that peer recognition depends solely on students’ academic year.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Jessi Shrout

Abstract

Women’s colleges in the United States were founded to provide women as a gender minority an equal opportunity in higher education. Today, women’s colleges are increasingly revising admissions policies to be more inclusive of transgender and gender non-conforming students as a different, but equally deserving gender minority. Once admitted, however, transgender and gender non-conforming students may experience gendered policies, practices, interactions, and resources. There is a lack of empirical evidence on the experiences of this marginalized student population; therefore, the purpose of this study was to illuminate the lived experiences of transgender and gender non-conforming students at a single women’s college in the Southeastern United States. A qualitative transcendental phenomenology was used as the guiding philosophy and methodology for this research. Individual, semi-structured interviews of eight trans* women’s college students were conducted and analyzed. The core processes of bracketing or epoché, transcendental-phenomenological reduction, and imaginative variation facilitated the derivation of knowledge and ensured qualitative rigor. Following the data explication process, the researcher identified 12 distinct themes based on codes. The themes were: unsolicited hyper-femininity, evolving gender expression and identity, affirmation through kinship groups, inequitable policies and procedures, microaggressions and discrimination, seeking an affirming advisor/mentor, mental health challenges, transition during periods of transition, gender exclusive language, well-being, challenges with residence life, and simultaneous hypervisibility/invisibility. These essential themes intersected to answer the central and supporting research questions asked in this study. The findings of this study have implications for women’s college administrators, faculty, staff, and students, for institutional policymakers and lawmakers at all levels, and for future researchers.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Timothy Tolbert, MaryWynn Brannon, Sally Brannon, Paola Gomez, Amanda Hoopaugh, Nyla Moore, Pollie Simpson

Abstract

Six graduating seniors of Brenau’s Exercise Science program will showcase the knowledge they have gained through their academic course work and internship experiences by presenting on a variety of topics related to healthcare, injuries in athletics, and physical activity. Specifically, these presentations will summarize the literature on ACL Injuries in Female Athletes, Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Baseball Players, The Effects of Caffeine on Physical Activity, Comparison of Nurse Practitioner and Medical Doctor Patient Care Outcomes in the Emergency Department, Concussion Management in Sport, and Vestibular Rehabilitation. The variety of information covered in these presentations displays the vast knowledge gained by the presenters during their time at Brenau. After graduation, these presenters will continue their academic careers in professional and graduate programs as they pursue careers in athletic training, nursing, and physical therapy.

Presenter(s)

Audrey Bryan, Siera Saldana

Abstract

In-class activities that are engaging, interactive, and relevant to the purposes of the class help solidify course material and keep students engaged. When creating an activity for PY408 – Counseling and Therapy, we developed a board game that pertains to communication styles and communication barriers, incorporating real-life scenarios to apply the concepts learned in reading and lecture. Communication Land is a board game designed to engage students through collaboration with their peers, applying understanding of the concepts in order to move forward on the board. Students advance in the game while incorporating their knowledge of communication skills, which are important to psychology and many other fields as well as everyday life. Adding interactive activities to class sessions encourages students to think critically, increases interest and attention to the subject matter, and illustrates the relevance of the course material to everyday lives.

Presenter(s)

Turner Cole

Abstract

In order to determine the levels of certain antibodies in milk and serum samples, this poster presentation suggests comparing the exposure of dairy cattle herds in southern Romania to Neospora caninum. The goal of the study is to determine the prevalence of neosporosis, a major global cause of cow abortion, based on the research paper by Enachescu et al. (2014). In order to find N. caninum antibodies, ELISA kits will be used to examine paired milk and serum samples from four dairy farms. Initial data show a significant seroprevalence, and the concordance between serum and milk results is encouraging. This study provides insights for successful herd health management by highlighting the possible benefits of milk testing, such as cost-effectiveness and decreased animal discomfort.

Presenter(s)

Cameron Masters

Abstract

The research that Yuan and Humuruola (2016) conducted dives into fetal cardiac interventions targeting congenital heart diseases, aiming to alleviate heart dysfunction, omit hypoplastic left heart syndrome progression, attain favorable biventricular outcomes, and enhance fetal survival. The purpose of this is to provide an overview of research efforts in these interventions which aim to address heart diseases in fetuses. Presently, clinical applications of fetal cardiac interventions are restricted to specific scenarios, including critical aortic valve stenosis leading to hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum, evolving hypoplastic right heart syndrome, and fetal heart block. Therapeutic modalities encompass prenatal aortic valvuloplasty, pulmonary valvuloplasty, interatrial communication creation, and fetal cardiac pacing. Experimental research in fetal cardiac interventions involves technical adaptations of catheter-based clinical interventions and fetal cardiac bypass. These interventions are deemed viable for midgestation fetuses with specified heart defects. The ongoing refinement of technical success, achievement of biventricular outcomes, and improvement in fetal survival are credited to collaborative efforts in equipment, technology advancements, techniques, and postnatal care. This article sheds light on current therapeutic options and ongoing clinical trials in the field. Fetal cardiac interventions hold significant importance in the field of pediatric cardiology and prenatal care due to improved outcomes, prevention of complications, technological advancements and research development for individuals suffering from the same disease.

Presenter(s)

Taylor Mooney

Abstract

The research conducted by Lixia Zhang and Aldhel Adique, shows the impact and importance of skin care routine, and quality of life. The purpose of this research was to determine how over-the-counter skin care impacts the quality of life for day-to-day people.

During a 28 day, skin care assessment, using commercial products there were 12 volunteers, men and women who used a variety of products. The products claimed to treat sunspots on the skin, age, correction, skin elasticity, firmness, and hydration. The participants included men and women, new mothers with children ages two years and under, women around the age of 45, and people who were approximately near the age of 25. The experimental group of new mothers had shown improvements of self image and quality of life, following the skin care regimen.

This assessment showed that the quality of life improved because of the positive impact that the efficacious skin care regimen implemented in their lives. The changes made to the skin care routine of the women showed increased self competency and overall quality of life. Not only is this research showing improvements in their physical selves, but also their mental health. There were a few differences in responses to the test groups, likely related to the age differences and available time for each individual.

Presenter(s)

Melanie Wicht

Abstract

In this experiment an Escherichia coli bacteria is made resistant to ampicillin through genetic modification by giving it the gene for resistance to ampicillin. A strand of Escherichia coli bacteria was tested to identify its resistance in presence and in absence of ampicillin. To do so effectively, a plasmid with the fluorescent green color protein from a Jellyfish was used. Results showed ampicillin resistance in the Escherichia coli bacteria in presence of the plasmid in all trials. The interest that this research initiated could be used to further study antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Presenter(s)

Nichole Lane, Maggie James, Robyn Pratt, Emily Thomason

Abstract

In his attachment theory, Bowlby states the initial relationship between primary caregivers and infants models and shapes the individuals’ role in adult relationships and social functioning. Of the four attachment styles highlighted by Ainsworth’s attachment theory, only an individual with secure attachment is identified as positive and healthy. The other three identified attachment styles are based on a fear of abandonment that manifests in a variety of negative psychological effects such as anxiety, depression, or isolation. Research on pets’ impact on negative psychological effects has been mixed with the effect pets may have on the severity of these negative symptoms. Lass-Hennemann et al. (2022) found that a stronger emotional attachment to one’s dog was associated with negative psychological effects. However, their study was limited to a German population and dog owners. Therefore, further research is needed to examine other populations, such as the American population, and other popular forms of pet ownership, such as cats. This research may be helpful in further understanding the role of pet ownership in attachment styles and its effects on negative psychological symptoms.

Presenter(s)

Natan Sabbag, Hayley Kingry, Cheyanne Ingram, Angelina Zurzolo

Abstract

Parents and caregivers have a base level of stress that is exacerbated when caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). This population of parents has also been found to have lower levels of social interest and ambiguous attitudes towards play. Our study aims to provide insight into how these factors relate to one another to expand the knowledge surrounding parental stress for parents or caregivers of children with ASD or NDD. Through collaboration with the Lionheart School and Georgia Autism Center, surveys will be distributed to parents and caregivers via QR codes on flyers and email to assess levels of parental stress, levels of social interest, and attitudes towards play. It is expected that higher levels of parental stress will be related to lower levels of social interest and more negative attitudes towards play. Through the use of exploratory analyses, we will discuss demographic factors, such as race and socioeconomic status, that could also be related to levels of parental stress, levels of social interest, and attitudes towards play. Our study will be the first study to assess how these variables interact with one another, and we hope that the continued discussion and research surrounding parental stress for this population will increase the resources and support systems available.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Josh Hall, Cara Ritzert, Jaylan Card, Niso Gulyamova, Spencer Starr

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typified by continuous patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ADHD significantly impacts many individuals on a global scale, exerting adverse effects on diverse aspects of their lives, including their capacity to drive safely (Conzelmann et al., 2011; Skirrow & Asherson, 2013). Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are among the most commonly prescribed treatments for ADHD. Despite their effectiveness in enhancing attention and attenuating hyperactivity and impulsivity, their influence on driving behavior remains a contentious issue (Ramaekers et al., 2006; Romano & Pollini, 2013). The current study endeavors to address the underrepresentation of women in the existing ADHD-driving literature concerning psychostimulants. The present study will predominantly involve female participants and will extend existing studies on the influence of psychostimulants on driving performance, including their effects on attention, reaction time, decision-making capabilities, and the potential risks linked with their use while driving. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the creation of evidence-based guidelines for the safe use of psychostimulants by individuals with ADHD who drive. Additionally, it will present a review of gender differences observed in the existing research. The focus of this study will be on adult populations, encompassing both men and women, and it will explore how the administration of psychostimulant medication for the treatment of ADHD affects their comprehensive lifestyle and proficiency in vehicle operation.

Presenter(s)

Megan Perry, Ansley Coles, Shelby Crane, Abigail Stacy, Emily Coleman, Chris Nozum

Abstract

The aim of this case study was to highlight the issue of interrupted and underdosed physical therapy treatment across the continuum of care in the case of a patient with heart failure and a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) following her prolonged hospitalization and suspected neurologic involvement.Data was collected during hospitalization and student-led treatment sessions. Data collected included repetitions of sit to stand, gait distance, and stair training as well as a functional outcome measure (AM-PAC 6-Clicks Basic Mobility Score). Treatment sessions consisted of strengthening exercises, transfer and gait training, balance exercises, right ankle range of motion, and cardiovascular endurance training. Following this patient’s case over time, initially the patient made large improvements to her AM-PAC score during her stay within the hospital. Ultimately, it was found that the patient made no functional improvements when she was discharged to traditional outpatient physical therapy (OPPT) for 12 weeks, completing 24 visits. Comparatively, with student-led pro-bono care at the Brenau PT clinic, the patient had improvements in her AM-PAC score, ambulation distance tolerance, and sit-to-stand ability over 12 weeks, in 11 visits. This finding suggested that traditional OPPT was not able to appropriately meet the needs of this patient and potentially resulted in minimal improvements in the patient’s functional status. This patient was listed as a bridge to transplant on LVAD implantation due to right sided heart failure and limited medical prognosis. However, her diminished function prevented her from being a heart transplant candidate. No functional progress was made during 24 visits of OPPT despite her goals, and her insurance was then no longer willing to pay for continued PT intervention. She did demonstrate functional improvements with personalized student-led care in the Brenau Pro Bono Clinic. Unfortunately, the patient passed away during her time working with student PT’s before she could reach the benchmark for heart transplant listing of ambulating 250 feet. Though improvements were considered to be minor based on findings in this study, they had a profound impact on the patient’s quality of life in her last days spent with her family and loved ones in her home and community.

Presenter(s)

Dylan Shearer

Abstract

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring, inflammatory skin disease that affects intertriginous areas. Currently, the only biologic drug approved for HS is adalimumab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor. Other non-biologic treatments include antibiotics, incision and drainage, and warm compress. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of secukinumab (SEC), a biologic drug and IL-17 inhibitor, in the treatment of HS. Findings suggest that SEC provides symptomatic relief from HS by decreasing the number and severity of inflammatory skin lesions as well as providing sustained symptom relief with continued use, despite some adverse events of throat infection and fever being reported. This is clinically significant because SEC may be a better alternative in the treatment of HS.

Presenter(s)

Arturo Roosen

Abstract

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one a ligament in the knee, which stabilizes the knee by preventing the tibia from moving forward and limiting the rotational movement of the joint. ACL injuries have been one of the most common sport injuries which will only continue to rise due to the increase of physical demands on athletes.

We sought to evaluate the treatment methods, compare them, and summarize the findings from literature on ACL injury treatment.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review by researching PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane to identify studies regarding ACL injuries’ treatment options and their effects. The inclusion criteria for the articles were male and female of all ages with an ACL injury of either knee diagnosed via MRI. People with a history of a previous ACL injury and additional structural injuries to the same knee were excluded from this systematic review.

Results: The original search yielded 108 studies. Utilizing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 of the studies were eligible for the systematic review. Of these 11, there were three retrospective observational studies, four randomized control trials, three systematic reviews, and one prospective study.

Conclusion: Research has found that while both options have their ups and downs, early surgical intervention has higher rates of return to full activity and lower incidence of further medical intervention after the original surgery. Even though conservative techniques have made huge advancements, surgical intervention would still be the recommended treatment for ACL injuries.

Presenter(s)

Kristal Guadalupe Garcia

Abstract

According to the CDC, 12.5% of adults aged 18 and over experience regular feelings of worry, nervousness, or anxiety. Currently, first line treatments for anxiety and stress include cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological agents. All of which are not readily available for all patients. Hence why the objective of this systematic review is to assess the use of vitamin B6 as an alternative treatment for anxiety and stress in adults. The databases, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and PubMed were used to evaluate studies that looked at how vitamin B6 compared to placebo in improving overall mental health for adult patients. Eligibility criteria required randomized control trials (RCTs), English language, published studies in the past 10 years, adult participants, and comparison of vitamin B6 to placebo. This resulted in four studies which were analyzed and included in this systematic review. Results demonstrated that the RCTs that used higher doses of vitamin B6, 100 mg and 40 mg, found the most statistically significant results in terms of improvement of anxiety and stress. The studies that used lower doses showed that there was no statistical difference in improvement of symptoms. In conclusion, there is evidence that supports the use of vitamin B6 to decrease levels of stress and anxiety. Which is significant since vitamin B6 has a low side effect profile and it’s more accessible. However, more robust studies need to be performed to further demonstrate that the results are reproducible and to determine the most effective dosage.

Presenter(s)

Beau Johnson

Abstract

Von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD) affects approximately 1% of the world’s population, with a similar incidence among females. Pregnancy and childbirth increases the adverse events of VWD in women of child bearing age. 10-20% of pregnancies end before 20 weeks, and are classified as spontaneous abortion (SA), there are numerous causes of this; however it is unknown if those diagnosed with VWD are at a higher risk of SA. Through a systematic review it could not be determined if women diagnosed with VWD are at a higher risk, but it was concluded further research is required to ensure expecting mothers are treated efficiently and appropriately. Due to pregnancy and pregnancy loss causing not only a health burden, but psychological strain on women research into risk factors is warranted.

Presenter(s)

Austin Deal

Abstract

People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, infections, and certain types of cancers, which is likely contributed to the constant state of inflammation caused by chronic viral infection. Metformin has been shown to reduce major adverse cardiac events, as well as, treat and prevent the progression of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is important to explore adjunct therapies which can help reduce the occurrence and prevalence of these comorbidities and possibly aid in the reduction of viral loads in at-risk groups. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Cochrane Database, MEDLINE, and PubMed to identify studies reviewing the efficacy of metformin as adjunct therapy in PLWH. Studies were assessed for risk and bias patterns by a single author. The search yielded 116 unique articles, and a total of 11 studies were selected based on eligibility criteria. Of these 6 were clinical trials, 3 were observational studies, and 2 were short arm communications. In general, it was found that use of metformin is safe in PLWH who are on ART, and showed significantly less cardiovascular burden and improved insulin resistance. However, metformin as an adjunct therapy to reduce HIV viral load and reservoirs remains unclear. Metformin is efficacious in treating diabetes and reducing cardiovascular burden. However, its usefulness as an anti-inflammatory adjunct therapy in HIV positive patients needs further well-designed and controlled studies to better understand the complex interactions between metformin, ART, and HIV.

Presenter(s)

Victoria Mancini

Abstract

Medical marijuana has been used as a supplement to aid in a multitude of inflammatory diseases associated with chronic pain. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research done in this area, making it difficult to legalize or prescribe the plant for medicinal purposes. The goal of this systematic review is to shine light on the effects that medical marijuana can have on people with rheumatoid arthritis in order to better assist practitioners in their guidance towards utilizing medical marijuana as a possible treatment option for this population.

The eligibility criteria for this systematic review is as follows: the body of work must focus on intervention of the study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis with marijuana or its components, participants of all ages (PICOS), time frame (published in the last ten years), access to full text, studies focused on human subjects with RA, tissues or cells from human patients with RA, and studies written in the English language. The sources utilized had to meet eligibility of relevance through their titles and keywords (e.g medical cannabis, cannabinoids, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory diseases etc.).

Results and Conclusion: based on articles used in the qualitative synthesis of this systematic review, there is a positive correlation with the use of medical marijuana and its components on inflammation and pain in RA patients, however: current understanding on the endocannabinoid system and its effects on pain management and inflammation is limited and needs further research in order to incorporate it legally as a treatment method for providers.

Presenter(s)

Drew Robertson

Abstract

Hip replacement surgery is one of the most performed elective surgeries. Adequate pain control in the post-op period is a vital component in a patient’s recovery. There are a multitude of techniques including peripheral nerve blocks which have been shown to be effective in relieving a patient’s post-op pain. Determining which of these methods provides reliable pain control with minimal side effects will aid in enhancing patient recovery and readiness for physical therapy. The trials included in this systematic review compared SIFI block, PENG block, QL block, LP block, ESP block and PAI. The measured outcomes in these trials included pain scores, morphine consumption and muscle weakness. SIFI block was found to be associated with a higher incidence of quadriceps muscle weakness in the immediate post-op period. There were no consistent statistical findings amongst the articles in regard to pain scores and morphine consumption. Of the nerve blocks studied in these articles, there was no single method that exceeded others in all measured outcomes. PENG block, QL block, ESP block, and PAI were all found to have a greater motor sparing effect of the quadriceps muscles. These analgesic methods could allow patients to have shorter hospital stays and provide quicker readiness for physical therapy.

Presenter(s)

Melany Moz

Abstract

This paper aims to answer the question of how society deems selfishness as negative and why selfishness can be courageous and necessary. To answer these questions, I have used various texts such as The novel A Pale View Of Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro, Hours by Michael Cunningham, and On Such A Full Sea by Chang Rae Lee and analyzed specific character choices. Through this, I would discover the depth behind selfish decisions and what it takes to make oneself a priority. The significance of my project is to give readers a new perspective on how selfish choices can be more noble than sticking to standards of obligation.

Presenter(s)

Olivia Anderson, Zoë Metelerkamp, Cailyn Rhodes, Jess Goodwin

Abstract

Poetry in Motion, a student-led project that culminates in a series of dance films set to original poetry, has grown from an individual’s idea to a respected program that boasts an impressive collaboration with the Quinlan Visual Arts Center. The students who have participated on the Poetry in Motion executive team facilitated this collaboration and in doing so have gained valuable knowledge on how to advance a project that successfully highlights leadership, coordination, and expansion. In this discussion, the Poetry in Motion executive team for the 2024 season will share their experiences in advanced project management and coordination while seeking to answer the question, “How do student-led initiatives lead to enhanced learning and collaborative opportunities?”

Presenter(s)

Nyoka Bryan

Abstract

This project delves into the profound impact of Nelson Mandela’s “I Am Prepared to Die” speech during the Rivonia Trial in 1964. Through a meticulous review of existing literature, qualitative analysis of Mandela’s discourse, and critical examination of the historical context, the project explores the strategic employment of rhetoric to challenge the apartheid regime and galvanize support for social change. By dissecting Mandela’s rhetorical strategies and their ramifications on the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, this study illuminates the enduring relevance of his words in shaping political discourse and inspiring activism.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Charles Shadle

Abstract

Higher education is expected to undergo tumultuous change over the next decade. We will be looking at the factors influencing the decline of student enrollment (enrollment cliff, economy, public perception of higher education). Evidence informed strategies for utilizing faculty to positively influence enrollment will be identified.

Presenter(s)

Alejandra Arroyo

Abstract

Planaria are animals that belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes or flatworms. These animals are model organisms known and studied for their ability to regenerate any part of their body ranging from tiny fragments to prominent parts due to the presence of neoblast or adult stem cells. The purpose of this experiment is to determine if the Planaria is able to regenerate under different temperature changes in its environment. This study was performed by dividing the body of the planaria into two segments and placing each part in plates containing water at different temperatures to monitor their development over a period of time. The hypothesis of this study is that Planaria growth is affected by the temperature changes in its environment. Planarians are susceptible to changes in the environment, which can alter their regeneration process. This explains the importance of studying how factors such as temperature can influence the growth and development of planarians, which are models of study in the field of regeneration.

Presenter(s)

Jaleah Slade

Abstract

Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the characteristics of an organism via gene manipulation. An example is genetic transformation, which involves transferring foreign genetic material from one organism to another. In genetic bioluminescence experiments, foreign genes from a bioluminescent organism are transferred to another organism, such as bacteria or plants. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the process of genetic transformation between the bioluminescent plasmid pGreen and the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Presenter(s)

Ylenia Alcibiade Bennasar

Abstract

Kombucha is a fermented tea drink that contains cultures of bacteria and yeast. The goal of this research is focusing on identifying the microorganisms present in different commercial Kombucha brands by selective plating and gram staining techniques. Kombucha samples will be cultured on different types of media to isolate individual species. Multiple selection plates are going to be used to select and identify the different types of bacteria that are present in Kombucha. These plates are going to be inoculated and later on incubated for a certain amount of days to see an evolution of the growth of different microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms are going to be identified via microscopy techniques and immersion oil might be used to have a higher magnification and a better understanding of what type of bacteria is present. Bacteria are going to be identified as gram positive or gram negative, depending on their cell wall composition, through gram staining techniques where they are going to appear either red or violet. Eventually, this research will give a better knowledge of kombucha fermentation and the specific microorganisms that might grow in it. The hypothesis is that there is going to be a similar number of gram positive and gram negative bacteria but less amount of yeast.

Presenter(s)

Daja Robinson

Abstract

Psychological trauma can cause potential short-term and long-term effects for individuals across cultural and racial groups. Cultural differences exist in the interpretation of the perceived threat which places meaning and beliefs that influences an individual’s response to a traumatic event. One area that has yet to be explored cross-culturally relative to trauma but has been generally examined among African American women, is the Superwoman Schema (SWS). The current study aims to address the gaps in the existing literature that focuses on SWS in relation to trauma among African American women. SWS was developed to understand the connection between stress and health disparities among African American women (Giscombé et al., 2016). Because SWS is heavily tied to African American women, the understanding of SWS components as a potential response to trauma is essential in the advancement of mental health care for African American women. While there are multiple consequences of trauma discussed, the researcher will explore coping variables that can mediate between trauma and possible outcomes.

Presenter(s)

Jennifer Rector

Abstract

Studies have shown that those who have been diagnosed with severe mental illness do not have easy access to healthcare and have worse health outcomes than the general population (e.g.,higher morbidity and mortality rates). While there have been numerous studies conducted to identify barriers to receiving outpatient care, few studies have been conducted to determine whether there are higher rates of psychiatric recidivism in individuals who do not follow up with outpatient mental health appointments after being released from inpatient care as compared to those who do follow up with outpatient appointments. There is also little research available generally on prevalence of psychiatric recidivism. The aim of this current study is to identify the recidivism rates in psychiatric facilities, particularly in the state of Georgia, as well examine the percentage of patients who follow-up with outpatient treatment after psychiatric discharge. The study further aims to determine if there are higher rates of psychiatric recidivism in those who do not receive outpatient care following an inpatient admission. Additionally, this study will also consider the barriers to receiving outpatient treatment and factors that play a role in missed outpatient appointments. This researcher will explore the data from a community service board in Georgia to identify the number of inpatient admissions and the number of patients who follow-up with outpatient care once released from an inpatient hospitalization.

Presenter(s)

Cher Gravitt

Abstract

Burnout is a phenomenon that occurs from untreated stress in the workplace. Compassion fatigue is a specific type of burnout that is unique to the helping professions. If unaddressed, compassion fatigue can lead to ethical issues, especially within the mental health field. The main preventative method for compassion fatigue is self-care. Various forms of self-care can be broken down and separated into the biopsychosocial and cultural model. Although compassion fatigue and self-care are well researched, reported levels of compassion fatigue remain elevated. This study will seek to fill the gaps in the literature concerning what prevents mental health professionals from using traditional forms of self-care, such as getting enough sleep, practicing relaxation techniques, and mindfulness, while exploring attitudes towards more non-traditional methods of self-care, such as nature, spirituality, and mystical experiences. Also, there are gaps in the literature related to what a mental health professional can do once they have reached the level of compassion fatigue.

Presenter(s)

Jessica Ebong

Abstract

Many females suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which can lead to problems with weight, unwanted body hair, infertility, and abnormal periods.1 The objective of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy of a monotherapy vs spironolactone as an adjunct therapy in managing PCOS symptoms.

Methods: The databases, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and PubMed were used to evaluate studies that looked at how effective a therapy regimen including spironolactone was at managing PCOS vs a monotherapy. A total of 34 articles were found that fit within the search parameters. Eligibility criteria required randomized control trials and clinical trials found in English and published after 2000. They must have explored spironolactone as an adjunct therapy in managing symptoms of PCOS. After reviewing relevancy to the objective, five articles were included in the qualitative synthesis.

Results: There is evidence that the combination of spironolactone with another therapy is effective at managing PCOS symptoms. Strengths of this review include a sufficient number of randomized control trials and clinical trials. Limitations include the lack of studies analyzing different symptomatology, inadequate retrieval of published studies, risk of publication bias, and the exclusion of articles not found in English.

Discussion: There is evidence the addition of spironolactone to a therapy regimen can improve PCOS symptoms. should be considered by healthcare providers when managing patients with PCOS, taking into account the full clinical picture of the patient. Additionally, more research should be done to assess long-term effectiveness and compliance.

Presenter(s)

Jade Harris

Abstract

Substance use, particularly cannabis use, is prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder. Much is known about cannabis use and schizophrenia, however the relationship between cannabis use and bipolar disorder is limited. Research has indicated a possible association between cannabis use and an earlier age at onset of bipolar disorder. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of cannabis use on the age at onset of bipolar disorder, regardless of whether the first episode was manic, hypomanic, or depressive. A thorough review was conducted according to the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Limitations and risk of bias were assessed by utilizing the CASP checklist. 10 cross-sectional studies were included for analyses, with a total of 6, 866 participants among them. Studies suggested that a greater lifetime usage of cannabis was associated with having an earlier age at onset of bipolar disorder. Whether the episode at onset was manic, hypomanic, or depressive was only stated in two studies. Several studies also found that for patients in the cannabis use groups, the age at first use was lower than the age at onset of bipolar disorder. Our findings exhibit that cannabis use is commonly seen among patients with bipolar disorder, and it may even precipitate the condition. Prospective studies are needed to avoid confounding factors, and to determine if a causal relationship exists between cannabis use and bipolar disorder. Further research will assist providers in educating their patients on cannabis use and its potential effects.

Presenter(s)

Kaliyah Bailey

Abstract

Cesarean birth has become a major surgical procedure commonly executed throughout operating rooms nationwide for various reasons (emergency, patient request, repeat cesarean, etc.). This may be related, in part, to whether or not labor support was provided to pregnant women during this dire time of labor and delivery. We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess whether a relationship can be evaluated between having support during labor and delivery and the possibility of having an unplanned cesarean birth. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane and MEDLINE to identify scholarly articles published between the years 2015 and 2023. These articles focused on participants of any age going through labor and delivery, having had a labor support person during pregnancy, labor and/or delivery as a means of intervention of a cesarean birth when prompted and the reported outcomes. Studies were assessed for risk of bias as well as patterns of intervention effects. The original search yielded 231 studies, from which 6 were selected and included. In general, pregnant women having a means of support, whether it was emotional, educational or physical throughout the labor process proved effective in lowering their chances of cesarean delivery. Labor support has been proven successful in various support settings, including but not limited to a husband, doula, clinical team and midwives. Pregnant women having a labor support person available during labor and delivery can aid in decreasing the chances of a cesarean birth.

Presenter(s)

Kimberly Hauseman

Abstract

This is a systematic review of the existing literature regarding HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer and screening. Human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal cancer rates have surpassed those of cervical cancer in the United States, but still, a standardized screening protocol for oropharyngeal cancer currently does not exist. As a result, this type of cancer is often caught in late stages, with the most common presenting symptom being a mass in the lateral neck, indicating regional metastasis. This review investigates whether screening protocols have shown to identify oropharyngeal cancer and/or reduce morbidity/mortality of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers.

Presenter(s)

Deborah Yoo

Abstract

Standard practice in the NICU consists of wired monitoring technologies, creating physical limitations and barriers between neonates and their healthcare providers and caregivers. Although wireless technologies have the potential to significantly reduce these limitations, little research has been done for this population.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review to examine the efficacy of wireless monitoring systems as a surrogate to standard wired monitoring systems.

Methods: Data searches via PubMed, MEDLINE and PROQUEST were conducted, and all studies from inception until November 2023 were manually screened for study selection. Observational studies comparing wireless monitoring systems and standard monitoring systems were included. These studies compared measurements of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and/or oxygen saturation.

Results: The observational studies selected had sample sizes of 79 or less and were published between 2010 and 2023. Wireless monitoring systems, via wearable devices and video-camera recordings, demonstrated comparable performance to standard systems in the NICU setting.

Conclusion: This review provides evidence of comparable performance of newer wireless monitoring technologies whilst removing the physical barriers that exist with standard practice. The findings suggest that wireless monitoring may be a valid alternative to current practices. Although research on wireless monitoring in the NICU has been increasing in recent years, further research is needed as prior studies have been limited by the inability to acquire large sample sizes.

Presenter(s)

Loajah Tingling

Abstract

Metformin is the first line of treatment for Diabetes. However, it is unclear if Metformin would be an effective form of treatment in African Americans with prediabetes. This systematic review examined the efficacy of Metformin for prediabetic African Americans and identified if it is beneficial to treat this high-risk demographic empirically. The electronic databases for this review included Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, CDC, and the Health and Medical Collection through individual screening. Articles were published in the English language within the last 15 years and participants were followed for a minimum of 12 months. Metformin was the sole intervention with no restrictions on dosages, administration method, or inclusion/exclusion of lifestyle modifications. The outcome of interest was the major outcome and the overall onset of morbidity and mortality, in comparison to treatment with lifestyle modifications alone and those who have not started empiric treatment during their prediabetic stage. The studies in this review indicated that empiric treatment was a substantially beneficial treatment for all demographics with prediabetes. The results concluded that empiric treatment with Metformin led to weight loss, decreased microvascular complications, delayed onset of DMII, and overall decreased risk of morbidity and mortality. A global effort should be made to improve our current knowledge of the many benefits of Metformin in its role of delaying the onset of DMII, as well as for using Metformin as the primary intervention in prediabetic African Americans.

Presenter(s)

Annika Oliver

Abstract

Creatine is a supplement traditionally used by athletes for its ability to boost muscle production, shorten recovery time, and increase muscle strength. Recent studies have proposed neuroprotective and cognitive boosting properties of this supplement. The goal of this systematic review is to examine creatine supplementation and analyze its effects on cognitive function in healthy adults.

Methods: Searches, using databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline, were completed from June 9, 2023 to February 2, 2024. Included studies assessed cognitive function with oral creatine supplementation, were published between 2020-2023, and used healthy adults as subjects. Studies were assessed for bias using the CASP checklist.

Results: 7 Studies, 6 RCT and 1 retrospective cohort study, were selected using criteria. Data showed creatine improved visuo-spatial memory and decreased impulsiveness, improved associative learning and attention in adults >60 years, and improved visual memory in females vs. males with supplementation. Several studies showed no improvements in attention or MoCA scores.

Discussion: Creatine supplementation may have neurocognitive boosting potential in certain populations such as older adults or females, but more research needs to be conducted to assess attention or memory improvement. Creatine is low-risk and has a low side effect profile, so recommending supplementation may provide benefit to older patients.

Presenter(s)

Brianna West

Abstract

Pediatric cancer is one of the most underfunded diseases in America – receiving just 4% of the Federal Government’s annual cancer research budget. This leads to not only reduced opportunity for advancement towards new innovative treatment methods, but also reduced opportunity to fully research, understand, and prevent the long-term side effects associated with the current standard treatments. Infertility is a possible side effect of current treatment methods that has lasting effects on female pediatric cancer patients, often affecting their physical and mental wellbeing far into later adulthood. This systematic review aims to compare the effectiveness of current fertility preservation methods implemented in female pediatric cancer patients. Fertility preservation methods compared include ovarian cryopreservation therapy and GnRH analog therapy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed throughout this systematic review. After searching Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline by EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, a total of 9 articles were identified and compared in this systematic review. Both ovarian tissue cryopreservation and GnRH analog therapy were found to be promising methods of fertility preservation, allowing patients who have undergone various methods of cancer treatment to potentially produce future biological offspring. As these are such new medical developments, little information exists comparing the two fertility preservation methods on success rates for future pregnancies, the overall health of future offspring, and any possible long-term side effects – making it difficult to accurately select which method is best. Further research is necessary to determine the most efficient and safest option.

Presenter(s)

Gabriella McFadden

Abstract

Truncal hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma patients. Emergency resuscitative thoracotomy (ERT) is a procedure that can be done in patients with life-threatening traumatic injuries and is often used when other options have been exhausted. While there have been studies that may show evidence of ERT providing better survival for cardiac arrest patients, there is not conclusive evidence of this in penetrating trauma patients. The objective of this review is to examine survival rates of adult patients with penetrating trauma requiring in hospital CPR undergoing ERT compared to those only receiving mechanical chest compressions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE with Full Text by EBSCOhost, and PubMed were used as search methods for articles regarding adult patients that have sustained penetrating trauma requiring CPR. Interventions compared were ERT and mechanical chest compressions, and outcomes studied included survival rates between the two interventions. The search was limited to studies published in the last ten years. Four studies were identified for inclusion, which did show that survival rates for patients with penetrating trauma undergoing ERT have improved in recent years, which may be due to improvement in pre-hospital treatment or improved emergency provider training. However, there was no conclusive evidence that ERT is superior to mechanical chest compressions for long-term survival rates. While ERT is indicated in certain groups of patients sustaining penetrating trauma, more research is needed to increase long-term survival after the procedure and to determine which pre-hospital factors yield the best outcomes for survival.

Presenter(s)

Trevor Davis

Abstract

Septic shock is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the hospital and can frequently be complicated by pre-existing or new-onset atrial fibrillation. Treatment can be problematic for septic shock-related hypotension is treated with blood pressure-boosting medications known as vasopressors. These medications can impact atrial fibrillation due to their effect on heart rate. This systematic review will determine if phenylephrine provides superior rate control to the current gold standard treatment vasopressor therapy, norepinephrine, while still providing adequate blood pressure support. Norepinephrine has alpha and beta-adrenergic properties while phenylephrine only has alpha-adrenergic properties. Two articles were found over four databases directly comparing the two therapies and seven additional articles were found that provided background information. Results showed that phenylephrine provides improved heart control when compared to norepinephrine. However, the results of the improved rate did not correlate with any clinical significance at this time. The major limitation of this systematic review is the limited number of studies directly comparing the two interventions. Current research showing improved heart rate control with phenylephrine as a solo vasopressor therapy indicates the need for further research.

High Frequency Ultrasonography vs Dermoscopy for Diagnosis of Benign or Malignant Skin Lesions: A Systematic Review

Presenter(s)

Andrew Slater

Abstract

The rationale for conducting this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of using high frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) in addition to dermoscopy as a diagnostic tool for determining whether a skin lesion or tumor is benign or malignant. If HFUS is an effective modality, it could lead to safer and more effective outcomes for patients. A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline, and PubMed, which were accessed on August 12, 2023. The criteria to be considered for inclusion in this systematic review are: published within 10 years, written in English language, is a clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, or review, and discussed using high frequency ultrasonography alongside dermoscopy to diagnose skin lesions. The studies were evaluated for bias and risk using the CASP checklist. The search criteria returned 33 unique articles, which were narrowed to a total of 6 articles to be used within this systematic review. Synthesis of the results found that HFUS allows the practitioner to evaluate more components of a lesion than is possible with dermoscopy alone. Based on these studies and the statistically significant data that has been reviewed, HFUS is absolutely a great adjunct to dermoscopy in clinical diagnosis of benign versus malignant lesions. In fact, this systematic review found it to be superior in multiple ways.

Presenter(s)

Kevin Saxon

Abstract

The Fontan Procedure is the last procedure in a series of surgeries performed to treat hypoplastic left heart syndrome and it can be performed with or without the inclusion of a fenestration. This review aims to determine if including a fenestration as the standard of care is appropriate. The decision to include a fenestration or not depends on factors including, but not limited to, provider discretion, potential short and long term complications, anatomic viability, and comorbidities. After review, there have not been adequate, conclusive studies performed to alter the current standard of care to include a fenestration in all Fontan procedures. The decision whether to include a fenestration or not ultimately lies with the provider, but more research should be conducted on patients receiving the surgeries to standardize a protocol for the procedures.

Presenter(s)

Ashley Lippert

Abstract

Providers are hesitant to prescribe Doxycycline to children who are 8 years old or younger due to the possible effects of tooth discoloration. This is a systematic review of the possible effects of tooth discoloration thought to occur with the use of Doxycycline prescribed to children under 8 years old for less than 21 days. Several studies were selected based on eligibility criteria, such as, children under 8, short-term use of Doxycycline (less than 21 days) and any tooth discoloration that occurred. Five studies were selected and reviewed, each of them had their own form of a questionnaire to gather pertinent information. In all but one of the studies, children under 8 years old who used Doxycycline for 21 days or less were found to have no tooth discoloration. In the single study that showed tooth discoloration, 6 out of the 338 participants had some variation of tooth discoloration. The use of Doxycycline in children under 8 years old should be determined based on the benefit versus the risk of the patient’s outcome. Overall the risk of tooth discoloration should not be a concern when debating on prescribing Doxycycline for less than 21 days to children under 8 years old.

Presenter(s)

Sadie Tanner

Abstract

There is a gap in research showing the correlation between receiving an epidural and ultimately requiring a cesarean section. This systematic review seeks to find a connection between different doses and modalities of epidurals and increased risk of cesarean sections.

Methods: In order to find studies to research if receiving an epidural for pain relief results in higher cesarean delivery rates, the databases Cochran, MEDLINE, and PubMed were used. The inclusion criteria for the articles were nulliparous women, ages 18-34. Women with a history of cesarean section, high risk pregnancy (i.e. <18 or >35 years old, preexisting comorbid medical conditions, substance abuse), and/or multiple gestations were excluded from the review.

Results: Amongst the databases, 59 articles were found and 10 articles were eligible for the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of those, 9 studies concluded that there is no correlation between epidural analgesia and increased risk of cesarean section despite the different types or routes available.

Conclusions: The studies that compared epidurals to other forms of labor analgesia and ultimately no labor analgesia, were unable to prove a statistically significant increase in cesarean delivery risk.

Presenter(s)

Michael Honeycutt

Abstract

Obesity has become a major public health crisis over the past several decades. Comorbidities that are common in overweight or obese people have significant effects on health and morbidity. The objective of this systematic review is to understand the effectiveness of subcutaneous semaglutide on weight loss in the obese and overweight patient populations. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane were used to search for studies that fit selection criteria. Selected studies must focus on weight loss in patients who were classified in the obese or overweight category. The intervention had to be subcutaneous semaglutide with a subcutaneous placebo as a comparison. 60 studies were found, of which 7 met eligibility criteria. The quality of each study was assessed using the CASP checklist to assess for limitations and biases. In each of the studies, subcutaneous semaglutide was found to have superior weight reduction outcomes compared to the placebos given. Cardiometabolic risk factors were also found to be reduced in these populations which shows the impact that weight loss has on these patients. However, some side effects were reports with nausea being most common. These results are promising for finding a safe and effective way to assist with fighting this health crisis. Weight reduction leads to significant reduction in comorbidities which have negative impacts on people. Future studies must look at long-term side effects/effectiveness to determine long-term efficacy. As well as specific diet/exercise routines that work best in conjunction with this pharmacotherapy.

Presenter(s)

Prof. Arielle Crumley

Abstract

At the turn of the 20th century, Parisian composers of art song found inspiration in Pierre Louÿs’ 1894 narrative poetry collection Les Chansons de Bilitis (The Songs of Bilitis). The most recognizable musical setting of Louÿs’ poems is undeniably Claude Debussy’s Trois Chansons de Bilitis, which is still regularly performed by recitalists. Rarely performed, however, is the 12-song cycle that premiered at the same time as Debussy’s: Rita Strohl’s Bilitis. Both settings cover the beginning and end of the protagonist Bilitis’ relationship with a man named Lykas; however, while Debussy’s poetic and musical choices leave the cause of the relationship’s end vague, Strohl explicitly sets the poems that reveal the awful truth of relationship’s downfall: Lykas’ sexual assault of Bilitis. My analysis of Bilitis examines how Rita Strohl musically portrays sexual violence, and my methodology combines musical analysis with critical scholarship. My musical analysis identifies motives, accompaniment figures, and vocal inflections that illustrate both the violent act and its effect on Bilitis’ character, and my discussion of the musical representation of sexual violence is informed by the works of feminist musicologists including Susan McClary and Susan Cusick. While existing conversations on sexual violence in music focus predominately on opera, it has rarely been explored in the more intimate vocal genre of art song, and my analysis provides an example of analyzing art song with this critical lens. In addition, my study highlights the importance of representing marginalized voices in the study of music as Strohl’s setting provides a feminist perspective that is absent in other settings of Louÿs’ text.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Maureen Vidrine

Abstract

This feasibility study explored the impact of fostering a shelter cat on loneliness and well-being in older adults living alone without a pet. The study also examined the effect of cat fostering on older adults’ interest in cat adoption when perceived barriers to adoption were removed.

Methods: A total of 29 adults (age ≥60) were paired with a cat and asked to foster for a minimum of 4 months (with an option to adopt). Participants completed surveys before placement with cats, with a follow-up at 1 and 4 months post-placement and 12 months if they adopted their cat. The survey included scales of loneliness, physical and mental health, self-efficacy, positive and negative affect, and comfort from a companion animal. Scores were compared across time using a Multivariable Linear Mixed Model.

Results: A total of 23 of 29 (79.3%) participants remained in the study for at least 4 months, and a majority (95.7%) adopted their cat. Differences in marginal means (adjusted for physical health) showed a significant improvement in loneliness from baseline to 4 months (p =.029). A similar 4-month improvement that approached statistical significance (adjusted p = .079) was observed for mental health. No other scales showed statistically significant changes across time.

Discussion: Fostering a shelter cat with the option for adoption may be an effective solution for alleviating loneliness and improving mental health in older adults. Interest in adopting foster cats was high when perceived barriers to adoption were removed.

Presenter(s)

Itzel Zepeda

Abstract

Currently, there is an underrepresentation of ethnic and racial minority groups in clinical trials. Minority groups such as Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and indigenous American groups have the least representation in clinical trials across specialties, negatively affecting their quality of treatment. This review will focus on the current methods and strategies being used to increase participation of these groups in clinical trials. Five articles were selected for review which were found on different scientific databases. These articles ranged from 2013 to 2022 with two being reviews and the other three being research papers. Multiple articles have a common strategy of addressing the specific barriers preventing the enrollment and retention of underrepresented groups in clinical trials. Other strategies include having open discussions about strategies to increase participation with members of these groups and making medical information more accessible. The articles provide many strategies for increasing participation of underrepresented groups in clinical trials, but the main focus is on developing a more trusting relationship between these groups and the medical community. Implementing a combination of these strategies to target the specific issues preventing recruitment and retention will see an increase in the representation of ethnic and racial minority groups in clinical trials.

Presenter(s)

Dr. Ian Peters

Abstract

MMORPGs continue to remain a major staple of the gaming industry, drawing in players from around the world into virtual communities. During the pandemic, these spaces took on increased significance as players from around the world used them as a site for socialization and escapism while in quarantine. As scholars like Jonathan Gray and T.L. Taylor have extensively discussed, the sandbox aspect of these games is a large part of their appeal. Significant focus has been paid to the communities that emerge from these interactions, as well as the practices that they engage in. While scholars have examined the role that avatar construction has on, or reflects, aspects of player identity, less focus has been paid to the actual act of engaging in “dress up” in the virtual space from a play standpoint that can be separate from identity discourse. In some play styles, avatar dress up is the ultimate focus of these games, seeing how iconic characters from separate franchises can be recreated using the available templates, endeavoring to produce the ugliest/sexiest/plainest avatar possible to contrast those that surround it, or developing an entire collection of thematically-similar “dolls” or “figures” that exist solely in an intangible state. In the gaming community, this act of play is referred to as “Space Barbie,” which is a reference to the real-world equivalent of playing dress-up with your dolls/figures. Players who focus on “Space Barbie” engage with cosmetic avatar-based play as a primary focus of the game, where collecting rare appearance-based items (either through purchase or through gameplay) is the ultimate focus. Frequently, this circumvents established missions, combat, and similar gameplay choices that tend to be primary aspects of the game world.

Presenter(s)

Cara Ritzert, Jaylan Card, Niso Gulyamova, Spencer Starr

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typified by continuous patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ADHD significantly impacts many individuals on a global scale, exerting adverse effects on diverse aspects of their lives, including their capacity to drive safely (Conzelmann et al., 2011; Skirrow & Asherson, 2013). Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are among the most commonly prescribed treatments for ADHD. Despite their effectiveness in enhancing attention and attenuating hyperactivity and impulsivity, their influence on driving behavior remains a contentious issue (Ramaekers et al., 2006; Romano & Pollini, 2013). The current study endeavors to address the underrepresentation of women in the existing ADHD-driving literature concerning psychostimulants. The present study will predominantly involve female participants and will extend existing studies on the influence of psychostimulants on driving performance, including their effects on attention, reaction time, decision-making capabilities, and the potential risks linked with their use while driving. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the creation of evidence-based guidelines for the safe use of psychostimulants by individuals with ADHD who drive. Additionally, it will present a review of gender differences observed in the existing research. The focus of this study will be on adult populations, encompassing both men and women, and it will explore how the administration of psychostimulant medication for the treatment of ADHD affects their comprehensive lifestyle and proficiency in vehicle operation.

Presenter(s)

Danielle Ponder, Shelby Wilson, Aleshia Biggers

Abstract

Dementia affects an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities slowly over time making the person unable to function without the help of someone else. In 2023, there are currently 6.5 million Americans living with dementia, and this number is estimated to rise to 12.7 million by the year 2050. Although dementia has been around for decades, public knowledge about dementia is lacking and many people have negative attitudes toward people with dementia due to misinformation. In recent years, the use of virtual simulations of dementia have shown promising results in changing people’s attitudes toward individuals with dementia. Although there are virtual exposure interventions overseas, there are not many in the USA and the ones in the USA are lacking in research to show whether they have been beneficial. This study seeks to provide an intervention into the community, specifically with employees in the community, through the use of a virtual exposure experience of dementia and education on what individuals with dementia experience. The researchers hypothesize that knowledge levels about dementia will be influenced after participants complete the virtual exposure intervention. Alongside knowledge, it is hypothesized that attitudes towards dementia in participants will be influenced after taking part in this intervention. Lastly, the researchers hypothesize that there will be a relationship between knowledge about dementia and attitudes toward people with dementia, such that those who are highly knowledgeable about dementia will have more positive attitudes toward people with dementia.

Presenter(s)

Ivi Camilo

Abstract

Handwashing is a method of controlling microbial levels on the skin. It is a critical act of personal hygiene that helps to protect individuals from infections from microorganisms. About 50% of all cosmetic soaps contain antibacterial chemicals. These antibacterial hand soaps are marketed as being more effective than non-antibacterial alternatives. Studies on the effectiveness of antibacterial and non-antibacterial soaps have been conducted, but results are often debated and replications are always warranted. The purpose of this project is to compare the effectiveness of various antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial hand soaps at reducing bacterial populations on the hands. Hand microbes will be inoculated onto culture medium agar plates via touch transfer. Hand soap-infused filter paper disks will be added to inoculated plates in a predetermined pattern. Plates will be incubated for 24-48 hours at 37* C. Bacterial growth will be observed and phenotypic data will be recorded. Results will be analyzed and reported. The objective of this research project is to determine the relative comparative effectiveness of various antibacterial and non-antibacterial hand soaps. We hypothesize that antibacterial hand soaps will be only marginally more effective than non-antibacterial choices. This project has implications for those interested in learning more about effective handwashing, antibacterial and non-antibacterial hand soaps, and microbiological culture techniques. This project also has potential implications for individuals making product selection choices.

Presenter(s)

Ashley Claire Wright

Abstract

Millions of people in the United States face chronic pain. Doctors may prescribe opioids, which are dangerous, addictive, and have concerning side effects. It is crucial to teach others about a safer alternative for managing pain, which is electrotherapy. This research provides background information on chronic pain, opioids, and electrotherapy. The research focuses on 1) why electrotherapy or opioids are given and what each aims to provide its patients; 2) the benefits of using electrotherapy in physical therapy versus the benefits of opioids; analyzing the safety of electrotherapy as opposed to the dangers of using opioids; and 3) potential problems and safety recommendations when using electrotherapy or opioids will be described, as well as how electrotherapy is applied in contrast to how opioids are given. Finally, the effectiveness of electrotherapy and opioids will be analyzed. This research demonstrates and supports that electrotherapy works, using case study examples, which can help others understand its usefulness. Success in gaining the population’s confidence in choosing a safer alternative for chronic pain than opioids involves teaching others about the value of electrotherapy.

Presenter(s)

Alexis Thomas

Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a public health issue that affects the metabolic and endocrine system of women in their reproductive age with 70% of cases going undiagnosed due to no means of effective diagnosis and treatment. Women with PCOS have high elevated levels of insulin, estrogen, and testosterone. Having a high prevalence of insulin increases the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This study provides data on how metformin treatment increases insulin signaling to restore the decreased levels of hormone production caused by insulin resistance. Qualitative research has been used to analyze the data and experiences of women with PCOS and determine whether the study findings were effective in treating high levels of insulin. Understanding the molecules that alter expression due to the action of these insulin-sensitive molecules could help us to better understand the endometrial failures observed in women with PCOS. This information could also lead to the development of new treatments that focus on target molecules or improvements in known treatments that can restore normal endometrial function to these women.

Presenter(s)

Mallary Bales, Siera Saldana

Abstract

In this study, the researchers explored job satisfaction across time perspectives. The question lies in discovering whether or not there is a relationship between the two variables, balanced time perspective, and global job satisfaction. The researchers provide a link to six self-report measures for the participants during a fifteen to thirty-minute session. These report measures include, 1) the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), 2) the Job in General scale (JIG), 3) the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), 4) a three-item workplace autonomy scale, 5) a demographic survey designed for the current study, and 6) the stress at work scale (SAW). The researchers looked into these individually as well as combined. In using hierarchical regression, there was no prediction of job satisfaction when controlling for well-being. To see if the five factors from the ZTPI were a predictor of job satisfaction, all factors were entered using the enter method. These were found to be predictive of job satisfaction. Within these findings, the researchers can provide companies and organizations with the ability to predict job satisfaction and subjective well-being of employees.

Presenter(s)

Jenna Minder

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder involving the X chromosome’s short arm as the result of inheritance or spontaneous mutation. The result of this disorder is severely reduced or absent dystrophin. The role of dystrophin is to prevent membrane damage as muscles contract. The mutated dystrophin allows progressive damage to muscles and loss of motor function. The current standard of care for DMD consists of corticosteroids. Long-term use of corticosteroids is associated with many adverse effects that impact quality of life. Emerging treatments for DMD include drugs that target the mutated dystrophin gene at an RNA level: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). One of these ASOs, Viltolarsen, hopes to produce a truncated version of functional dystrophin, thereby slowing disease progression. Using the 2009 PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across four databases to select articles assessing motor function using interventions of either corticosteroids, viltolarsen, or viltolarsen plus corticosteroids. After result synthesis, three main themes were revealed with regards to viltolarsen use: Increase in dystrophin levels, increased exon skipping, and overall improvement in motor function. Based on the evidence obtained from five articles encompassing 26 participants, it is difficult to definitively state that viltolarsen provides greater evidence for improved motor function over standard corticosteroid therapy alone. Although changing the standard of care is not recommended from the findings in this systematic review, that is not to say the published evidence to date does not provide promising results for patients using viltolarsen as an adjunct to standard corticosteroid use.

Presenter(s)

Karishma Patel

Abstract

The current standard of care for genital lichen sclerosus (LS) treatment is potent to very potent topical corticosteroids. However, long term use can cause skin atrophy, leading to further dyspareunia, discomfort, and infection. Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, are immunosuppressant medications proposed as an alternative treatment for genital LS due to their increased skin penetration and smaller side effect profile.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of topical calcineurin inhibitors as alternative treatment to topical corticosteroids for reduction of symptoms and preventing recurrences.

Methods: Data searches via Cochrane, Medline, and PubMed were conducted, and articles were manually screened for selection. Study populations included females of any age with diagnosed genital LS. Intervention included 0.03 and 0.1% topical tacrolimus compared to various topical corticosteroids. Outcomes consisted of reduction of itching, burning, architectural and pigmentation changes, and suppression of future recurrence.

Results: Articles published after 2000 of varying study design were selected that met research question criteria. Topical calcineurin inhibitors were proven to be more effective when used twice daily for an initial treatment period followed by periodic maintenance therapy compared to topical corticosteroids.

Conclusion: This review provides evidence that topical calcineurin inhibitors can be used as first line treatment for genital LS due to its comparable performance in suppressing symptoms and preventing recurrence. Although there has been research on this topic, further investigation is needed as prior studies have lacked standardized treatment length and evaluation criteria.

Presenter(s)

Kalianna Pivett

Abstract

Major depressive disorder affects many people worldwide. Current first line treatments include hospitalization, therapy, and medications. First line medications include SSRIs and SNRIs. Each medication does not work for everyone and can take time to reach its full effect. A new medication, dextromethorphan/bupropion, was FDA approved in 2022.

Objective: A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of dextromethorphan/bupropion in the treatment of major depressive disorder symptoms.

Methods: Data searches via PubMed, Medline by EBSCOhost, Cochrane conducted between June 2023 and October 2023. Each article found was screened manually for study selection. Randomized controlled trials, open-label studies, and case reports in adults 18 years and older being treated with dextromethorphan and bupropion combination medications were included. The studies compared various clinical rating tools.

Results: The studies ranged from 1 to 327 patients, showed statistically significant improvement of depressive symptoms, functioning, and decreasing suicide risk as noted by a decrease in scores of MADRS, CGI-I, QID-SR, and C-SSRS while taking dextromethorphan/bupropion.

Conclusion: This review provides evidence of improvement in depressive symptoms. This suggests that taking dextromethorphan/bupropion combination medications may be an alternative first line medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Further research in direct comparison to first line treatments would be beneficial.

Presenter(s)

Cameron Rice

Abstract

Tamsulosin is a drug commonly prescribed for lower urinary disorders to antagonize the alpha 1a receptors on the ureters. The same demographic that is most commonly prescribed Tamsulosin (Flomax), middle-aged and elderly males, are at increased risk for cardiac events. The objective of this systematic review is to determine if blockage of the alpha 1a receptor alters the mortality of both acute and chronic cardiovascular events.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane digital libraries were utilized to gather studies comparing the relationship between alpha 1a receptors and cardiovascular disease. Inclusion criteria required investigation of Tamsulosin or alpha 1a’s action on the cardiovascular system and to have been conducted within 8 years. There were no restrictions based on language or the subjects’ age, sex, ethnicity, or species to eliminate bias. 4 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used for this analysis.

Results: There is conflicting evidence on whether alpha 1a antagonism is helpful in attenuating cardiovascular events via inflammatory cascade inhibition or if limiting the body’s response to hypoxic stress predisposes cardiovascular mortality. The cellular response to alpha 1a receptor activation is not fully defined as this is a new concept in medicine. Limitations include inadequate number of trials or human studies on this subject as well as the widely limited knowledge of the alpha 1a pathway in cardiovascular tissue. This must be further investigated before a definitive conclusion, and clinical recommendation, for Tamsulosin’s effect on cardiovascular mortality can be made.

Presenter(s)

Delaney Sagul

Abstract

This review will examine effectiveness of surgical smoke removal via smoke evacuation pencil versus standard secretion Yankauer suction among operating room personnel. Through an electronic search of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using specific Boolean operators, it was found that both Yankauer suction and surgical smoke evacuation pencil are both effective at removing surgical smoke and that there are many factors to consider when choosing a method for surgical smoke evacuation including significant differences in cost, harmful levels of noise on the decibel scale, ease of set up, ease of use, and disposal. This is significant because an estimated 500,000 people each year in the United States are exposed to particulate matter and volatile organic compounds as a result of surgical smoke which can ultimately lead to respiratory symptoms such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, digestive symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, blood abnormalities such as leukemia and anemia, and dizziness and headaches among other symptoms.

Presenter(s)

Jake Hamby

Abstract

Healthcare providers use trauma indices to predict short-term mortality in trauma patients, which helps them make appropriate transport destination decisions. However, these indices are often too complicated for emergency use. This review evaluates the effectiveness of a simple tool, Reverse Shock Index Multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale ((SBP/HR) x GCS score), as a reliable predictor of mortality in trauma patients.

Methods: A systematic search of Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline databases over the past decade identified seven retrospective studies focusing on rSIG mortality prediction for adult and pediatric trauma patients in civilian (non-combat) settings. After screening by a single reviewer, the studies were analyzed and qualitatively compared.

Results: rSIG outperformed the Pediatric age-adjusted shock index (SIPA) with an AUROC of 0.854 vs. 0.628 in a cohort of 10,389 pediatric patients, showing high sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (79.0%). In adults, rSIG predicted mortality with a PPV of 9.57% and NPV of 98.74% when a cutoff of 18 was applied. Age-adjusted rSIG (rSIG/A) displayed enhanced discriminative ability with an AUROC of 0.85, surpassing rSIG (0.76), SIA (0.71), and SI (0.48) in predictive accuracy.

Discussion: This systematic review concludes that rSIG is a simple and accurate tool for mortality prediction in adult and pediatric trauma patients. It can potentially reduce unnecessary transfers and system costs and guide triage. However, prospective research is needed to assess its practicality in the US prehospital and emergency room environments.

Presenter(s)

Courtney Ross

Abstract

This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy in using bisphosphonates adjunctively with chemotherapy in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to prevent the development of osteonecrosis, a common post-treatment complication in pediatric oncologic patients. While there have been previous studies published on the efficacy of using bisphosphonate and Vitamin D post-chemotherapy treatment to reduce pain and other symptoms associated with osteonecrosis, this systematic review focuses on the parallel administration of bisphosphonates with chemotherapy in aims of prevention. Bisphosphonates were originally studied as analogues of inorganic phosphates and for their ability to inhibit biologic calcification in vitro; but a key finding arose when it was discovered that they also inhibited bone resorption and had dramatic effects on calcium metabolism.

Presenter(s)

Nathan Janik

Abstract

Platelet rich Plasma injections have been used in treating many different conditions. However, there is a lack of research focusing on lumbar disc herniation treatment with PRP. This systematic review seeks to assess if PRP is an appropriate treatment compared to the standard of care of corticosteroid injections that is used now. PRP is an emerging treatment method for disk herniations and has been proved effective for other musculoskeletal issues. Five articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The articles were evidence-based peer reviewed studies. The studies selected all compared PRP injections and corticosteroids both in short term and long-term outcomes. The results show that short term effects yield a similar result to corticosteroids, but long term PRP showed results that were improved in small sample sizes. PRP was shown to be a safe, ethical treatment for lumbar disk herniations, but current research is limited and not standardized. Based on the articles selected, preparation of PRP varied widely. Based on the data and research more research is needed to prove the efficacy of PRP of lumbar disc herniations in larger more diverse population groups.

Presenter(s)

Elise Vazquez

Abstract

In the United States, skin cancer is the most common form of cancer that affects the population. A major risk factor for developing skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which causes DNA damage to skin as well as reduces the immune response of the host to remove malignant cells. Sunlight is the most common exposure to UV radiation experienced, though 85-90% of women worldwide utilize nail care products including UV nail curing lamps on a regular basis that can contribute to their exposure. These individuals expose the dorsum of the hands to UV light on a regular basis. The purpose of this review was to investigate the relationship of ultraviolet nail lamp use in adults and malignancy risk, compared to no use of ultraviolet nail lamps. The Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design (PICOS) was used to establish the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review. Though many case studies have demonstrated the development of atypical dorsal hand skin malignancy with concurrent usage of UV nail lamps, there are multiple studies conveying that the risk of this malignancy is limited. Overall, it appears that though the risk is elevated to develop a skin malignancy from UV nail lamps, this risk is extremely minimal and can be mitigated through the use of sunscreen or hand gloves. There is limited research available on this topic and the lack of regulation regarding UV nail lamps means that establishing a baseline to study is difficult.

Presenter(s)

Allison Head

Abstract

Transposition of great vessels is a duct-dependent congenital heart disease requiring prostaglandin infusion at birth to maintain adequate circulation. Those who remain hypoxic after prostaglandin infusion require a balloon atrial septostomy hours after birth to create an atrial septal defect between the left and right atrium. This is done under anesthesia with interventional radiology to allow for better mixing between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The continued use of prostaglandins after balloon atrial septostomy and before the definitive arterial switch procedure is highly debated amongst pediatric cardiologists. While prostaglandins maintain a patent duct and allow for better circulation, it comes with many potentially dangerous side effects like hypotension and apnea. This systematic review attempts to address this debate and provide a proposal for a safe weaning process post-balloon atrial septostomy. Results were obtained from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Medline search engines. Results of the retrospective studies revealed longer PGE1 administration preoperatively resulted in longer ICU or hospital stays, but prolonged PGE1 resulted in lower inotropic needs postoperatively. Because of this, I recommend a more cautious and graded approach to discontinuation of prostaglandins based on the level of hypoxemia and patient stability.

Presenter(s)

Austin Maxwell

Abstract

Statins have been the well-established therapy for those who have suffered from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a means to reduce the risk of future ischemic events by lowering low-density lipids (LDL). However, statin therapy can be aggressive, delivered at high doses, and is associated with adverse effects such as rhabdomyolysis and myositis which leads to patients abandoning medical therapy and increasing future mortality risks. This review seeks to compare statin therapy with alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, and determine if there is a significant reduction in mortality and recurrent ischemic events. This systematic review was conducted by utilizing PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases to collect studies published after 2014 based on the Preferred Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the studies included were assessed by the Clinical Appraisal Skills (CASP) checklist. The 3 articles included were based on data collected from a Phase 3, multicentered, double-blind, randomized, placebo-control trial that included 18,924 patients. Data reveals that alirocumab has been associated with a reduction of recurrent ischemic events and a reduction of major cardiac adverse events by 15%. Additionally, alirocumab was associated with a decrease in mortality. Alirocumab was seen to be most beneficial to those that were considered “very high risk” according to the American Heart Association. further studies are needed to better understand the impact and cost-effectiveness PCSK9 inhibitors could have in lipid-lowering medical treatment.

Presenter(s)

Hannah Parks

Abstract

A global paradigm change in education was brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic, which compelled educational institutions to investigate alternate teaching methods, most notably Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs). Ahlia University responded by introducing e-learning, realizing that creative solutions were required in these difficult times. However, the use of technology in architecture and interior design programs, which primarily rely on hands-on learning, poses distinct difficulties, particularly for design studios, which make up a sizable component of the curriculum. This study highlights the urgent need for more research in this field by exploring the little-known area of blended learning in architecture and interior design. Since more than 60% of courses are put into practice, it is imperative to close the knowledge gap between traditional and virtual learning approaches. The focus is on leveraging cutting-edge techniques and technology to enhance the teaching and learning experience in interior design and architecture programs. A specific objective of this research is to review the classroom materials employed in Ahlia University’s interior design studio. By scrutinizing these materials, the study aims to contribute valuable insights into optimizing the integration of technology within the practical components of interior design education, ultimately fostering an enriched and adaptive learning environment.